Is it possible that processed foods mount an immune response?

I am not scientist, but I know a decent bit about human biology and have read countless nutrition books. After reading the paleo diet, I wonder if some of the idea that our body has not evolved on certain foods is true. Foods that are highly processed and have many chemical additives are known to cause some inflammation. Our immune system is determined by our genetics, what our immune system recognizes is determined by our ancestry and what you are exposed too. Is there some truth that maybe our bodies arent recognizing these processed foods and its causing autoimmune responses in our bodies? And this is what is causing western disease? Is there already research on this, if so please post articles.